- A good alternative fuel is plentiful, inexpensive and more efficient than gasoline. Propane and natural gas are good alternatives, and they are readily available at many locations. Hydrogen burns well and can be obtained through electrolysis, but it is dangerous to store in the vehicle. Alcohol is a common substance, but it would have to be mixed with another fuel to reach a lower flash point; alcohol vapors burn too hot for most gasoline engines, requiring upgraded parts to maintain reliability.
- Most gasoline vehicles can be converted to run on alternative fuels by modifying the fuel intake system and timing to accommodate the different properties of the new fuel. Propane and natural gas require a hardened steel tank and pressurized transfer lines complete with safety equipment and valves. Hydrogen is the most difficult, as it needs a refrigerated tank and advanced engineering to be safe for use as a fuel. It is highly volatile and the most dangerous fuel to use in a mobile setup. Alcohol and ethanol require upgraded fuel line and intake parts, but you can use the stock gasoline tank for storage.
- The advantages to converting a gas engine do not include the ease of locating refueling stations. Fuel may be harder to find, and sometimes it is necessary to produce it at home. A condensing still can make alcohol and it is possible to chemically produce hydrogen with electrolysis. Some inventors claim to have methods of hydrogen production that can be mounted onto the engine for immediate production of hydrogen, but usually electrolysis takes too much time to be feasible. Propane and liquefied natural gas (LNG) can be stored at home, as most home heating fuels are stored, with a discharge pump and hose to get it to the vehicle. Whichever fuel is chosen, the ability to refuel enroute is what makes petroleum-based fuels so popular. This must be taken into account when converting a car to use alternative fuels.
- Some alternative fuels will cause the engine to operate differently, which can have an effect on the long-term wear of the internal parts. Gasoline has detergents and other solvents that are mixed into it that allow the engine to use the fuel. Some additives, such as lead, are better for the metals used for valves and other parts. These have been replaced with less-durable parts over the years so that the fuel is less polluting. When using an alternative fuel, the effect on the engine's metals and durability is paramount. It will make the difference between a reliable car and a money pit.
- Many states and jurisdictions have laws that are favorable to using alternative fuels, but the conversion must adhere to several regulations including documentation of the conversion process. Normally, the title to a vehicle must reflect the conversion and type of fuel. Emissions requirements and inspections can pose potential problems with operating the vehicle on the highway. It is important to research the laws in the state of the conversion and any applicable parts or processes that are required.
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