- People with type 1 diabetes are prone to lower bone density and fracture, whereas those with type 2 diabetes usually have normal bone health. This is likely because type 2 diabetics are usually overweight, which increases their bone density.
- Older adults with diabetes tend to lose their balance and fall easily because of several diabetes-related factors such as muscle weakness, poor vision and peripheral neuropathy (nerve damage).
- Besides diabetes, several other factors can increase the risk of developing osteoporosis. These risk factors include smoking, low physical activity, heavy alcohol use, being underweight, low estrogen levels and genetic factors.
- Available osteoporosis treatments include bisphosphonate medications and calcitonin or parathyroid hormone injections. Estrogen hormone therapy is also an option, though it is less popular due to its link to cardiovascular diseases and breast cancer.
- Adequate calcium and vitamin D are essential to bone health. Diabetics should get these nutrients from supplements and also through foods such as milk, tofu, green leafy vegetables and fatty fish.
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