Beware of refillable soap dispensers in public restrooms. In a University of Arizona study, researchers found fecal and other potentially dangerous bacteria in soap dispensers in employee break rooms, airplane restrooms, restaurant kitchen sinks and public restrooms. That’s because many refillable soap containers in public bathrooms are not cleaned thoroughly or often enough, causing harmful bacteria to build up.

Researchers also believe that the antimicrobial properties in the soap can break down over time, allowing bacteria to grow in the soap; so if they are refilled without being cleaned properly, bacteria can continue to grow in the soap.

To reduce your risk: Take a look at the soap dispenser. If it looks grimy or dirty, chances are the soap inside is contaminated. (The researchers recommend that public bathrooms use replaceable liquid soap dispensers and clean them thoroughly to reduce the risk for bacteria growth). Always carry some antibacterial gel containing alcohol. And if you use refillable soap dispensers at home, be sure to wash them carefully before refilling.